What Is McGregor's Theory X And Y?

theory x
* The average person dislikes work and will avoid it he/she can.
* Therefore most people must be forced with the threat of punishment to work towards organisational objectives.
* The average person prefers to be directed; to avoid responsibility; is relatively unambitious, and wants security above all else.

theory y
* Effort in work is as natural as work and play.
* People will apply self-control and self-direction in the pursuit of organisational objectives, without external control or the threat of punishment.
* Commitment to objectives is a function of rewards associated with their achievement.
* People usually accept and often seek responsibility.
* The capacity to use a high degree of imagination, ingenuity and creativity in solving organisational problems is widely, not narrowly, distributed in the population.
* In industry the intellectual potential of the average person is only partly utilised.

One brief theory about the nature of people has been expressed into sets of assumption. Developed by the Douglas McGregory and commonly knows as theory "X" and theory "Y".
The traditional assumptions about the nature of people according to McGregory are included in theory "X";
1. Average human beings have an inherent dislike of work and will avoid it if they can.
2. Because of this human character sites disliking work, most people must be compelled control directed and threatening with punishment to get them to put for discrete effects to work the achievement of organizational objective.
3. Average human being prefers to be directed wish to avoid responsibilities. Have relived little ambition and want security about it.
The theory "Y" has the following assumptions:
1. The expenditure of physical effort and mental effort in work is as naturals like or rest.
2. External control; and punishment are not the only means for producing effect towards organizational objective. People will excises self direction and self control in the services of the objectives to which they are competed.
3. The degree of competent to objective is a proportion to the size to the rewards associative with their achievement.
4. Average human being learns under proper condition, not only to except responsibilities but also to see it.
5. The capacity to exercise a relive high ingenuity and creatively in the solution of organizational problem without any narrowly, distributional in population.
6. Under the condition of modern industry life. The intellectual proportional the average human beings are only partly utilized.