Farmers used horses hooked to a plow which the farmers walked behind to till their land, and had what they called farm hands to help in fact the farm hands did the work......hope this enlightens you somewhat....good luck
What Did Farmers Use Before Tractors?
They used themselves to plow etc. Then they used oxen or draft horses. Then Tractors
They had there horses pull the plow
Productive farming depends upon your machinery. I recently bought John Deere 116 and found that it is the most reliable one. It is a small sized tractor that can easily go through your farm and get things done. I have bought the one and recommend everyone to make a rational investment. You can even buy john deere 116 parts easily.