It depends on what field you are going into. If you want to be a cashier and still in high school, they might ask for a transcript to get a sense of what kind of student you are.
If you are in college and are seeking a job in what you're majoring in, your prospective employer will look at any work experience or volunteer work that you have done that might tie to the job you're applying for.
If you are applying for a typing or data entry job, you will probably be tested on those skills - to see if you have the skills they need. So, the answer is - it depends on the job you're applying for and what skills they are looking for.
